Unit 4 Why Do You Want to Learn English

Useful Words and Expressions

1.     gain

英汉解释

 vt. （指经过努力）获得；获取 n. 增加；利润；收获

英英解释

vt.gain more or obtain more，especially after a lot of hard work or effort

n.  a quantity that is added; the advantageous quality of being beneficial;  the amount by which the revenue of a business exceeds its cost of operating

同义词

n. addition，amplification，increase，profit

v. acquire，benefit，derive

反义词

n.   loss，red，red ink

v.   drop off，fall back，lose，lose weight

gain more knowledge获得更多知识

Examples:

They realize that passing examinations is no longer enough to gain a place at university.

他们认识到现在仅仅是考试通过，不能确保进入大学。

Students can gain valuable experience by working on the campus radio or magazine.

学生们在校广播台或校刊工作能够获得宝贵的经验。

No pains, no gains. 不劳无获。

2. get the message across=make somebody understand

  使人意识到,使人明白的意思

Examples:

We need to get the message across that too much sun is dangerous.

我们需要让大家知道过多的日晒是很危险的。

3.构词法：动词的ing形式加上另外一个词构成

比如我们可以说:

举重weight lifting           逛商场window-shopping

空调air-conditioning         集中供暖central heating

数据处理data processing     计划生育family planning

食物中毒food poisoning

4.course  n.课程

a three-year course为期3年的课程

a training course实习课程

a writing course写作课程

a required course 必修课程

词汇辨析

class，lesson，lecture，course这些名词均含“课”之意。

class   从“班级”引申指学生在一起上课，还可表示“(一节)课”。
lesson   主要指教材中的一课或每次授课的单位时间。
lecture   指讲课。
course   指在一段时间内教完或学完的完整的课程。

Example:

In colleges of engineering the higher mathematics has become a required course.

在工科院校，高等数学已成为学生的必修课程

5. of vital importance至关重要的

Examples:

Safety is of vital importance. 安全第一。

The quality of Chinese economic data has not risen as rapidly as China's importance in the global economy.

中国经济数据的质量的提升还没有赶上中国在全球经济中重要性的上升速度。

6. quality of life生活品质,生活质量

Example:

In the last two decades our quality of  life has been improved enormously.

在过去的二十年里我们的生活质量有很大的提高。

7. option  

英汉解释

n.众多选择之一; 选修课

英英解释

n. one of a number of things from which only one can be chosen; the act of choosing or selecting

同义词

n. alternative，choice，pick，selection

Examples：

These are just a few of the many options available.

这些只不过是众多可能的选择中的几个。

Several options are offered for the student's senior year.

为毕业班学生开设了几门选修课。

8. perspective

英汉解释

n. 观点；看法;远景

英英解释

n. a way of regarding situations or topics etc; the appearance of things relative to one another as determined by their distance from the viewer

同义词

n. linear perspective，position，view

Example：

He says the death of his father 18 months ago has given him a new perspective on life.

他说18个月前父亲的去世让他对人生有了新的认识。

So from the global perspective, it is very important.

所以从全局的角度来看，这是很重要的。

Unit 5 Good Times and Bad Times

Useful Words And Expressions

1.tough time困难时期

hard times艰苦时期

Examples:

Go through a tough time.度过一段困难时光。

The scheme is designed to help children whose parents have fallen on hard times.

该计划的目的是帮助那些孩子们,因为他们的父母都陷入了困境。

I know we are going through a tough time right now.

我知道我们目前正在经历艰难的时刻。

2.关于mood的固定搭配

in a good mood表示心情好

in a bad mood 表示心情不好

be in the mood表示有意做什么事或者是想要

Examples:

You choose to be in a good mood or a bad mood.

你可以选择有个好心情或者是坏心情。

I am not really in the mood for shopping.

我不太想去购物。

3.million dollar question事关重大的问题或者是难题

Example:

The million dollar question is can we repeat last year's success.

关键的问题是我们能够再创去年那样辉煌的成绩吗。

4.the more the more 或  the more the less  越怎么 越什么

Examples:

The more she learns the more she wants to learn.

她越学越想学。

The more he insisted he was innocent the less they seemed to

believe him.

他越是坚持自己是无辜的,他们似乎就越不相信他。

5.take action=do something采取行动

Example:

We must take action to deal with the problem before it spreads

to other areas.

在这一问题蔓延到其他地区之前，我们一定要采取行动将其解决。

6.sound

sound一般做名词，有时做动词

常见的固定搭配有

sound good or听起来不错

sound interesting听上去很有意思

sound strange似乎很奇怪

Examples:

Your job sounds really interesting.

你的工作听起来真有趣。

I know it sounds silly but I'll miss him when he is gone.

我知道这听起来很傻，但是他走了后我会想他的。

7.lie in something（to exist or be found in something） 存在于

Example:

His skill lies in his abilities to communicate quite complicate ideas very simply.

他的高明之处在于他能将复杂的思想用非常简单的方式表达出来。

8.(1)be responsible for sth or sb or for doing sth

负责什么或者是掌管什么

Examples:

Paul is directly responsible for the efficient running of the office

保罗直接负责办事处的高效运作。

Her department is responsible for overseeing the councils.

她的部门负责监督各个市政会的工作。

⑵to be responsible to sb for sth就某事对某人负责

Example:

I am responsible to him for the safety of his family.

我要向他对他负他家人的安全责任。

Unit6 Hobbies

Useful Words And Expressions For

1.  while=but [wail]

conj. 当……的时候;虽然；然而,   但是(表示转折的意思)

Example:

Tom is very outgoing and confident while Kirk is shy and quiet.

Tom的性格外向、非常自信，而Kirk比较文静、比较害羞。

2.open your mind= open your heart敞开自己的心灵

Example:

Teaching me to love with hearts ，helping me open my mind.

教我如何用心去爱，帮我打开心门。

3.originate [ə'ridʒəneit]

英汉解释

v. 引起；创作; 起源；发生；起航

英英解释

v. come into existence; take on form or shape; bring into being; begin a trip at a certain point, as of a plane, train, bus, etc.

同义词

v. develop，grow，initiate，start

它的形容词是original还有一个名词是origin

Example:

Who originated the saying Small is beautiful?

“小即美”这句话最早是谁说的？

4. competition [,kɔmpi'tiʃən]

英汉解释

n. 竞争；比赛，竞赛

同义词

n. competitor，contention，contest，rivalry

反义词

n.   cooperation

Examples:

Competition for jobs is intense.

求职的竞争非常激烈。

a swimming competition 游泳比赛

a chess competition  国际象棋比赛

5.leisure ['leʒə]

英汉解释:

n.空闲 闲暇 休闲

英英解释

n. time available for ease and relaxation; freedom to choose a pastime or enjoyable activity

Examples:

休闲活动leisure activities

Most people only have a limited amount of leisure time.

大多数人只有有限的空闲时间

The town lacks leisure facilities such as a swimming pool.

这个城镇缺少游泳池等休闲设施

6.ingredient [in'ɡri:diənt]

英汉解释

n.（食品的）成分 原料

英英解释

n. a component of a mixture or compound; an abstract part of something; food that is a component of a mixture in cooking

Example:

The exact ingredients of Coca Cola are a trade secret.

可口可乐的确切成分是商业秘密

7. seasoning ['sizəniŋ]

英汉解释

n. 调味品；佐料；风干；增添趣味的东西

英英解释

n. something added to food primarily for the savor it imparts；the act of adding a seasoning to food

同义词

n. flavorer，flavoring，flavourer，flavouring

Examples:

Taste the soup and adjust the seasoning, adding more salt or pepper.

尝一口汤 调好作料,再加些盐或胡椒粉。

Those incidents happened in life are like the seasoning to life.

再回过头来看，这些遭遇就像是人生的调味料！

8. custom ['kʌstəm]

英汉解释

n. 习惯；风俗

英英解释

n. accepted or habitual practice ；a specific practice of long standing；money collected under a tariff； habitual patronage

同义词

n. customs，tradition，usage，usance

Examples:

It is our custom. 这是我们的风俗。

The nationality custom policy is an important nationality policy of our party. 民族风俗习惯政策是我党的一项重要的民族政策。

ancient custom古老的习俗

a local custom当地的习俗